High-manganese steel liner plates are widely utilized in heavy-duty service conditions such as mining and building material industries because of their exceptional wear resistance and impact toughness. The microstructure and mechanical properties of these materials are highly dependent on heat transfer and solidification behavior during the casting process. This paper reviews current mainstream casting processes for high-manganese steel liner plates, including sand casting, metal mold casting, lost foam casting, and V-process casting, while elaborating on the application of numerical simulation techniques (discrete element method, DEM; finite element method, FEM) in their research. This work explores the auxiliary role of numerical simulations in process optimization and analyses the technical characteristics and applicability boundaries of these casting methods in terms of solidification mechanisms, defect control, and microstructure regulation. The study concludes that the effective integration of numerical simulation technologies with rational casting processes is a critical pathway for enhancing liner plate quality. Finally, existing research limitations are identified, and perspectives for future investigations are provided.