As an important component of aviation engine compressors, stainless steel half casings not only need to have good corrosion resistance and strength but also have very high hardness requirements, which must be controlled at 221~ 294 HBW. 06Cr16Ni5Mo stainless steel was heat treated at different quenching temperatures and tempering temperatures, and the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were studied. The results show that with increasing quenching temperature, the tensile strength increases and then decreases, the yield strength decrease and then increases, the plasticity and toughness decrease and then increase, and the hardness gradually increases. At a quenching temperature of 1 070 ℃, the tensile strength of the alloy reaches a maximum, the plastic toughness increases, and the hardness increases. With increasing tempering temperature, the strength and hardness first decrease and then increase, the plasticity first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases, while the toughness first increases, then decreases and finally increases. When the tempering temperature is in the range of 580~650 ℃, the tensile strength, plasticity, toughness and hardness of the alloy all meet the technical conditions.