X 射线 计 算 机 断 层 扫 描 技 术 (X-ray computed tomography, X-CT)已成 为 无 损 检 测 表 征 增 材 制 造 (additivemanufacturing, AM)形成缺陷及其力学性能的重要工具，能够为工件内部结构和缺陷提供准确的定性和定量分析。 缺陷对于材料的力学性能及服役寿命有着极大影响，而增材制造过程中工艺参数的改变，最终构件取向及原材料等差异，都会影响缺陷特征。 X-CT 不仅能够在进行力学测试前有效区分关键区与无害区，还能在加载过程中原位观测缺陷的萌生与演化过程，帮助建立缺陷容限模型。 本文综述了 X 射线断层扫描技术在增材制造领域中的应用，尤其是对于试样内部缺陷的分析，以及缺陷对试样静力学性能及疲劳变形等关键力学特性的影响。 通过高分辨断层扫描图像，精确评估缺陷类型、位置和尺寸及其对力学性能的影响，可为优化增材制造工艺、提高工件质量及可靠性提供重要依据。

X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) has become an important tool for the nondestructive characterization of defects and mechanical properties in additive manufacturing (AM), providing accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of internal structures and defects in fabricated components. Defects significantly influence the mechanical performance and service life of materials, whereas variations in AM process parameters, final part orientation, and raw materials can affect defect characteristics. X-CT not only effectively distinguishes critical defect zones from benign regions prior to mechanical testing but also enables in situ observation of defect initiation and evolution during loading, supporting the development of defect tolerance models. This review focuses on the applications of X-ray tomography in additive manufacturing, particularly in analysing internal defects and their impact on key mechanical properties such as static strength and fatigue behaviour. High-resolution tomographic imaging allows precise evaluation of defect type, location, and size and their impact on comprehensive mechanical properties, offering critical insights for optimizing AM processes and improving component quality and reliability.