随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的推进，核能作为清洁低碳能源的重要性不断提升，乏燃料的安全防护问题也 日益突出。 中子屏蔽材料在乏燃料贮存和运输中起关键作用。 传统乏燃料贮运用中子屏蔽材料主要包括硼钢、铝硼合 金、B4 C/Al 复合材料等。 当前，研发轻质高强易变形且兼具高中子吸收能力的屏蔽材料成为业界关注热点。 含Gd元素 中子屏蔽Al基材料具有高比强度和良好的中子吸收性能，成为新型结构功能一体化屏蔽材料的首选。 基于此，主要综 述了含Gd元素中子屏蔽Al基材料的组分设计及制备工艺相关研究，旨在分析此类中子屏蔽材料组分-制备-组织-性 能之间的关系，推进我国乏燃料高效贮存及核工业的安全发展。

With the advancement of the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goals, the importance of nuclear energy as a clean and low-carbon energy source has been increasingly recognized, and the issue of spent fuel safety protection has become progressively more critical. Neutron shielding materials play indispensable roles in the storage and transportation of spent fuel. Traditional neutron shielding materials for spent fuel storage primarily include boron steel, aluminium-boron alloys, and B4 C/Al composites. However, these materials have certain limitations, such as high density and insufficient mechanical properties. Currently, the development of lightweight, high-strength, easily deformable, and highly neutron-absorbing shielding materials has become a focal point within industry. Al-based neutron shielding materials containing Gd exhibit high specific strength and superior neutron absorption performance, making them a preferred choice for new integrated structural and functional shielding materials. On this basis, this paper systematically reviews the research on the compositional design and preparation processes of Al-based neutron shielding materials containing Gd, aiming to analyse the interrelationship between the composition, preparation, microstructure, and performance of such neutron shielding materials, and to promote the efficient storage of spent fuel and the safe development of China's nuclear industry.