碳 / 金属复合材料是极具发展潜力的高导热热沉材料，更高性能的突破并发展近终成型是适应未来高技术领域中大功率散热需求的必由之路。 本文分别从碳 / 金属复合材料的传热理论计算、影响热导性能的关键因素及近终成型技术的发展现状进行了综述，指出未来碳 / 金属复合材料高导热发展一方面需要从界面导热理论计算上取得突破，对关键参量进行理论筛选和优化；另一方面，需要综合考虑界面、增强体尺寸、含量、分布，对多个参量进行集成调控，甚至进行构型化设计，实现更高热导率的突破；最后，还要发展近终成型的制备技术，从而摆脱现有金刚石 / 金属为代表的碳 /金属复合材料加工难度极大、成本高昂的应用困境。

Carbon/metal composites are high thermal conductivity and heat sink materials with great development potentials. Breakthroughs in higher performance and the development of near net forming are the only ways to meet the high-power heat dissipation needs in the future high-tech field. This article reviews the theoretical calculations of heat transfer in carbon/metal composites, key influencing factors on thermal conductivity, and the current development status of near final forming technology. It points out that in the future, the development of high thermal conductivity in carbon/metal composites requires breakthroughs in interface thermal conductivity theory calculations, theoretical screening and optimization of key parameters. On the other hand, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the interface, reinforcement size, content, and distribution, integrate and control multiple parameters, and even conduct architecture design to achieve breakthroughs in higher thermal conductivity. Finally, it is necessary to develop preparation technologies for near net forming, in order to reduce the application difficulties of carbon/metal composite materials represented by diamond/metal, which are extremely difficult to process and costly.