CNTs(carbon nanotubes)/Al 复合材料在塑性变形过程中 CNTs 和铝基体的力学响应复杂且存在相互影响，系统、深入地揭示微观组织损伤的产生和发展机制及其对宏观力学性能的影响规律十分困难。 对复合材料的变形过程进行数值模拟，可以经济、高效地研究各种微观组织和外部因素对力学性能的影响，从而实现对损伤行为的准确预测。首先介绍了目前得到广泛应用的连续损伤模型和内聚力损伤模型，二者分别适用于描述不同条件下复合材料的变形和损伤行为；随后介绍了适合多尺度建模的代表性体积元模型，其适用于研究不同尺度下的组织结构特征对变形和损伤的影响。

The mechanical responses of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) and aluminum matrix in the process of plastic deformation of CNTs/Al composites are complex and interact with each other, so it is difficult to systematically and deeply reveal the mechanism of the formation and development of microstructural damage and its influence on the macro mechanical properties. Numerical modelling of the deformation process of composites can economically and efficiently study the influence of various microstructures and external factors, to further achieve accurate prediction of damage behaviour. In this paper, first, the widely used continuous damage model and cohesive damage model are introduced, which are suitable for describing the deformation and damage behaviors of composites under different conditions, respectively. Then, a representative volume element model suitable for multiscale modelling is introduced, which can consider the influence of structures with different scale characteristics on deformation and damage.