铝合金及复合材料因密度低、导电性好，被认为是替代铜导线的首选材料。 本文分析了材料内部组织缺陷、固溶元素种类、微观组织结构对铝合金及复合材料导电性能的影响，在此基础上综述了硼化处理、调整 Mg/Si 比、添加稀土元素、热处理、变形处理等提升铝合金导电性能的方法，以及导电铝基复合材料的固态、液态及选区激光熔化等制备工艺的发展现状。 分析了各方法的优缺点和适用条件，并对铝合金线材未来的研究方向进行了总结展望。

Aluminum alloy and composite materials with low density and good conductivity are considered as the preferred materials to replace copper wires. In this paper, the effects of internal microstructure defects, types of solid solution elements and microstructure on the conductivity of aluminum alloy and composite materials are analysed. On this basis, the methods of boron treatment, Mg/Si ratio adjustment, rare earth element addition, heat treatment and deformation treatment to improve the conductivity of aluminum alloys are summarized, as well as the development of solid state process, liquid state process and selective laser melting process for conductive aluminum matrix composites. The advantages, disadvantages and application conditions of each method are analysed, and the future research direction of aluminum alloy wire is summarized and prospected.