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焊后热处理对 6063-T6 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头 微观组织与力学性能的影响
Effects of Postweld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding Joints
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 浦健欣 1 ， 2 ，孙 巍 2 ， 3 ，张 辉 1 ， 2
PU Jianxin 1,2 , SUN Wei 2,3 ， ZHANG Hui 1,2
- 作者单位:
- 1. 东北大学 材料科学与工程学院，辽宁 沈阳 110819；2. 东北大学 材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室，辽宁 沈阳 110819；3. 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 研究院，辽宁 辽阳 111003
1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Material Electromagnetic Process Research, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; 3. Research Institute of Liaoning Zhongwang Group Co., Ltd., Liaoyang 111003, China
- 关键词:
- 搅拌摩擦焊； 6063-T6 铝合金；固溶时效；异常晶粒长大
friction stir welding; 6063-T6 aluminum alloy; solution aging; abnormal grain growth
- 摘要:
- 研究了固溶处理（ 540 ℃×1 h ）、时效处理（ 175 ℃×8 h ）、固溶 + 时效处理（ 540 ℃×1 h+175 ℃×8 h ）对 3 mm 厚
6063-T6 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。 结果表明，焊后接头焊核区平均晶粒尺寸仅为 3.2 μm ；固
溶处理后接头由于第二相粒子对晶界钉扎效应减弱，部分晶粒晶界发生迁移，出现不同程度异常晶粒长大，并出现尺寸
超过 500 μm 的大晶粒；时效处理后接头组织形貌未发生明显改变，焊核区平均晶粒尺寸为 4.5 μm ；固溶 + 时效处理后
接头组织形貌与固溶后相似。 固溶后接头强度和整体硬度均降低，但伸长率提高；时效及固溶 + 时效由于析出强化起主
要作用，接头强度和整体硬度均提高，但伸长率有所降低。 其中，时效后接头抗拉强度最高，为 212.6 MPa ；固溶后
接头抗拉强度最低，为 138.8 MPa 。
The effects of solution treatment (540 ℃×1 h), aging treatment (175 ℃×8 h) and solution+aging treatment (540 ℃×
1 h+175 ℃×8 h) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 6063-T6 aluminum alloy sheet
with 3 mm thickness were investigated. The results show that the average grain size of the welded joint is only 3.2 μm.
After solution treatment, due to the weak pinning effect of the second phase particles on grain boundaries, some grain
boundaries migrate in the joint structure, and abnormal grain growth occurs in different degrees, with some large grains
exceeding 500 μm. After aging treatment, the microstructure of the joint does not change significantly, and the average
grains size of the welded core zone is 4.5 μm. The microstructure of the joint after solution+aging treatment is similar to
that after solution. After solution, the tensile strength and hardness of the joint decrease, but the elongation increases. Due
to precipitation strengthening, the strength and hardness of the joint are increased after aging and solution+aging, but the
elongation is decreased. The tensile strength of joints after aging is 212.6 MPa, which is the highest. After solution, the
tensile strength is the lowest, 138.8 MPa.