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重型卡车铸铁制动鼓开裂失效行为的机理研究
Research on the Mechanism of the Cracking Failure Behavior of Cast Iron Brake Drum for Heavy Trucks
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 李 建 1 ，刘鸣放 2 ，李世杰 1 ，张伟伟 3 ，秦鹏鹏 1 ，陶 磊 1 ，李福山 3
LI Jian1 , LIU Mingfang2 , LI Shijie1 , ZHANG Weiwei3 , QIN Pengpeng1 , TAO Lei1 , LI Fushan3
- 作者单位:
- 1. 驻马店中集华骏铸造有限公司，河南 驻马店 463000；2. 河南省煤科院耐磨技术有限公司，河南 郑州 450001；3. 郑 州大学 材料科学与工程学院，河南 郑州 450001
1. Zhumadian CIMC Huajun Casting Co., Ltd., Zhumadian 463000, China; 2. Henan Igood Wear-resisting Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China; 3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- 关键词:
- 车辆；重型卡车；灰铸铁；开裂失效；失效机理
vehicle; heavy truck; grey cast iron; cracking failure; failure mechanism
- 摘要:
- 制动装置对于车辆的安全行驶起着至关重要的作用。 目前，载重货车所采用的制动装置主要为灰铸铁制动
鼓，当汽车在山路或坡道连续刹车行驶时，制动鼓通常会出现裂纹，影响制动效果，甚至引发交通事故。 本文以某铸造公
司生产的 HT250 制动鼓为研究对象，对未服役和服役失效制动鼓试样的微观组织和显微硬度进行了分析和比较。 结果
表明，制动鼓失效后工作面的石墨片变得粗大，且石墨与珠光体界面出现裂纹，石墨片部分有灰色相生成，而侧面的组
织无明显变化。 此外，失效制动鼓的硬度有所提高。 灰铸铁制动鼓开裂失效行机理主要为经多次冷热循环后，石墨与基
体间产生微裂纹，经扩展后导致制动鼓开裂失效。
Braking devices play a vitally important role in the safe operation of vehicles. At present, most of the brake devices used in heavy trucks are gray cast iron brake drums. When the vehicle brakes continuously on mountain roads or ramps, initiation and growth of the crack are usually promoted on the surface of the brake drum, which will attenuate the braking effect and even cause traffic accidents. In this paper, the microstructure and microhardness of the original and failed HT250 brake drum were comprehensively investigated. The experimental results show that the microstructural size of graphite is increased in the working face of the brake drum after failure. Moreover, the crack appears in the vicinity of the interface between graphite and pearlite, and the grey phase is formed in the graphite part. In contrast, no significant change is found in the microstructure of the side face of the failure brake drum. Furthermore, the hardness of the brake drum is enhanced after failure. The cracking failure mechanism of grey cast iron brake drum is mainly that microcracks are generated between graphite and pearlite after multiple thermal cycles, which will further propagate to failure.