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叶轮铸造工艺方案研究
Research on Impeller Foundry Technology
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 李小龙 1，2 ，黄 鹏 1，2 ，宁显润 1，2
LI Xiaolong1,2, HUANG Peng1,2, NING Xianrun1,2
- 作者单位:
- 1. 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司，四川 宜宾 644007；2. 四川省动力零部件制造工程技术研究中心，四川 宜宾 644007
1. Yibin Push liandong Technology Co., Ltd., Yibin 644007, China; 2. Sichuan Power Components Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin 644007, China
- 关键词:
- 叶轮缩松；底注式浇注系统；叶轮跑火；叶轮夹渣
impeller shrinkage; bottom gating system; impeller run fire; impeller slag
- 摘要:
- 叶轮是风机上的核心部件，为厚大球铁铸件。 铸件壁厚分布不均，热节分布复杂，且铸件外轮廓面为全身加
工，不允许有任何铸造缺陷，是铸造工艺难点。 为解决叶轮的缩松、渣缺陷、铸件跑火等问题，本文对叶轮铸造工艺进行
了探索。 研究表明，通过优化冷铁和冒口布置以调节型腔温度差差异，从而减小缩松倾向，可使叶轮铸件满足 MT (DIN
EN 1369 Grade SM 3) 和 UT (DIN EN 12680-1 Grade 1）探伤要求且铸件加工面无缩松缺陷；通过在底注式浇注系统上
增加过滤片，不仅可提高铁液纯净度，且铁液充型平稳无卷渣问题，叶轮加工后表面无夹渣缺陷；通过采用平浇工艺方
案，能有效避免立浇工艺由于浇注静压头高，铸件在石墨化膨胀过程中涨箱力大造成浇注跑火问题。 结果显示，通过优
化冷铁和冒口的底注式平浇工艺方案，能很大程度上解决叶轮的缩松、渣缺陷、铸件跑火等问题。
Impeller is the core component of the fan. It is a thick nodular iron casting with uneven wall thickness distribution and complex hot joint distribution. In addition, the outer contour of the casting is processed by the whole body, and no casting defects are allowed, which makes the casting process difficult. To solve the problems of impeller shrinkage, slag defects and casting fire running, impeller casting technology was explored in this paper. The results show that the impeller castings can meet the requirements of MT (DIN EN 1369 Grade SM 3) and UT (DIN EN 12680-1 Grade 1), and the machining surface of the castings has no shrinkage porosity defects by optimizing the arrangement of chillers and risers to adjust the temperature difference of the cavity and reduce the tendency of shrinkage porosity. By adding filter pieces to the bottom injection gating system, the purity of molten iron can be improved, the molten iron filling is stable without slag rolling problems, and the impeller surface after processing has no slag inclusion defects. By adopting the horizontal casting process scheme, the problem of casting fire escape caused by a high static pressure head and large box expanding force during the graphitization expansion process can be effectively avoided. Overall, problems such as shrinkage of the impeller, slag defects and castings running fire can be solved to a great extent by optimizing the bottom injection pouring process of chillers and risers.