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磁场下金属增材制造研究进展
Recent Progress in Magnetic Field Tailored Additive Manufacturing for Metals
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 陈超越,王江,任忠鸣
- 作者单位:
- 上海大学 省部共建高品质特殊钢冶金与制备国家重点实验室
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels, Shanghai University
- 关键词:
- 增材制造;静磁场;交变磁场;微观组织;力学性能
additive manufacturing; static magnetic field; alternative magnetic field; microstructure; mechanical property
- 摘要:
- 磁场下增材制造(Magnetic field tailored Additive Manufacturing, MAM)技术凭借电磁场独特的无接触式控制特点,可以显著影响金属微熔池内部流动及传热过程,改善冶金质量并调控凝固组织。现有结果表明,MAM技术有助于解决传统高能束增材制造过程中难以避免的气孔、裂纹及元素偏析缺陷,抑制组织柱状晶和强织构特征,获得优异综合力学性能,有望进一步扩展增材制造技术的应用范围。尽管电磁场下冶金及相变过程已有大量研究,然而磁场对增材制造非稳态复杂热循环成形过程的作用机制及影响效果尚不明确。本文介绍了静磁场以及交变磁场作用下的增材制造研究进展,详细论述了磁场对于气孔、残余应力及元素偏析等冶金缺陷、微观凝固组织及综合力学性能的影响效果,并探讨了磁场对于增材制造成形过程中熔体流动、凝固及固态相变的影响机制,并对未来研究方向应用前景进行了展望。
Magnetic field tailoring additive manufacturing (MAM) technology relies on the unique non-contact control characteristics of electromagnetic fields, which can significantly affect the melt flow and heat transfer process of the molten pool. It can improve the metallurgical quality and control the solidification structure. Current results show that MAM technology helps to reduce the unavoidable pores, cracks and element segregation defects in the traditional high-energy beam additive manufacturing process, suppresses the columnar grain and strong texture characteristics, and obtains excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, which is expected to be further expanded the scope of application. Although a large number of studies have been carried out on metallurgy and phase transformation processes under electromagnetic fields, the mechanism and effect of magnetic fields on the nonequilibrium solidification and complex thermal cycle forming process of additive manufacturing are still unclear. This paper introduces the research progress of additive manufacturing under the static magnetic field and alternating magnetic field. The influence mechanism of melt flow, solidification and solid-state phase transition during the additive manufacturing is discussed, and the future research and application are prospected.