本文系统综述了 TiAl 合金的工程应用现状与强塑化策略。 首先梳理了其三代合金的迭代历程，指出第二代合金(如 Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb)已在航空发动机低压涡轮叶片上实现规模化应用，而第三代合金旨在兼顾更高温性能与良好热加工性，但仍面临组织稳定性等挑战。 文章详细阐述了 TiAl 合金在航空、航天及汽车领域的具体应用与价值，并分析了其固有的“强度-塑性矛盾”对制造与服役造成的制约。 进而，从微观组织设计出发，重点综述了适用于 TiAl 合金的五大强塑化策略：TWIP 效应、纳米片层结构、核壳/蜂窝结构、复合材料以及 PST 单晶技术，深入剖析了其提升强塑性的微观机理。 最后，展望了通过多尺度组织设计、先进制备工艺、复合材料开发和一体化设计等途径，推动 TiAl 合金在更高端装备中实现更广泛的应用前景。

This review systematically summarizes the engineering application status and strengthening-ductilization strategies of TiAl alloys. It first outlines the three-generation evolution of TiAl alloys; notably, second-generation alloys (e.g., Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb) have been applied on a large scale in low-pressure turbine blades of aeroengines, whereas

third-generation alloys aim to achieve a better balance between high-temperature performance and hot workability but still face challenges such as microstructural instability. This article details the specific applications and value of TiAl alloys in the aviation, aerospace, and automotive fields and analyses the constraints imposed by their inherent “strength-ductility trade-off” on manufacturing and service. Furthermore, from the perspective of microstructure design, five major strengthening-ductilization strategies applicable to TiAl alloys, namely, the TWIP effect, nanolamellar structures, core-shell/honeycomb structures, composites, and PST single-crystal technology, are reviewed, and their underlying micromechanisms for enhancing strength and ductility are delved into. Finally, the future prospects of TiAl alloys are discussed, highlighting pathways such as multiscale microstructure design, advanced processing techniques, composite development, and integrated design to promote their broader application in more advanced equipment.