TiAl alloys represent among the most advantageous alternative materials to nickel-based high-temperature alloys for aeroengine applications because of their low density, high specific strength, and superior high-temperature performance. However, their oxidation resistance above 700~800 ℃ is inadequate, severely restricting component reliability and service life. This paper reviews and discusses recent advances in surface protection technologies for TiAl alloys, organized by coating material systems, preparation methods, and failure mechanisms. In response to the growing demands for comprehensive material performance in aerospace engine components, a research trend in which protective coatings for TiAl alloys are evolving from barrier protection toward functional integration solutions has been identified.