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凝固细晶理论与新型细化剂设计研究进展
Progress in Grain Refinement of Solidification and Development of New Grain Refiner
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 黎 阳 ，王一浩 ，汪明亮 ，王浩伟 ，陈 哲
LI Yang ，WANG Yihao ， WANG Mingliang ，WANG Haowei ，CHEN Zhe
- 作者单位:
- 上海交通大学 材料科学与工程学院，上海 200240； 上海交通大学 金属基复合材料国家重点实验室
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- 关键词:
- 晶粒细化；异质形核；晶粒萌生；晶体生长；铝合金
grain refinement; heterogeneous nucleation; grain initiation; crystal growth; aluminum alloy
- 摘要:
- 晶粒细化不仅能增强金属铸件的机械性能，还是控制铸造缺陷的有效机制。 因此，了解晶粒细化具有重要的理论和实践意义。 本文主要综述了铝合金凝固过程晶粒细化领域的最新理论进展，以及据此开发的新型细化剂和细化技术。 根据凝固过程的发生顺序，依次介绍了异质形核、晶粒萌生及限制生长 3 个阶段的最新认识。 同时，从影响这 3个环节的主要因素入手，即界面结构、颗粒特征 ( 形态、尺度和空间分布 ) 和溶质元素组成，介绍了近十年来研究者们在新型细化剂设计及细化技术开发上做出的努力和取得的成效。Grain refinement not only improves the mechanical performance of as-cast metallic materials but also provides an effective mechanism for controlling cast defects. Therefore, understanding the grain refinement of alloys during solidification is of both theoretical and practical significance. This work reviews the recent progress in the grain refinement of aluminum alloys during the solidification process. New knowledge on essential steps in solidification, including heterogeneous nucleation, grain initiation and grain growth, is introduced. Furthermore, efforts and achievements in the development of new grain refiners and refining techniques are discussed in terms of the interface structures, particle characteristics (morphology, size and spatial distribution), and solutes, which are three key factors influencing the above three steps.