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高温蒸汽管道用P91钢服役过程不均匀软化及形成机制研究
Study on Non-uniform Softening and Formation Mechanism of P91 Steel for High Temperature Steam Pipeline during Service
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 王金海1王艳松2刘福广2刘立营2李刚1韩天鹏2
WANG Jinhai 1 , WANG Yansong 2 , LIU Fuguang 2 , LIU Liying 2 , LI Gang 1 , HAN Tianpeng 2
- 作者单位:
- 1. 华能国际电力股份有限公司德州电厂2. 西安热工研究院有限公司
1. Huaneng International Power Co., Ltd., Dezhou Power Plant, Shandong 253024, China; 2. Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710054, China
- 关键词:
- P91钢;力学性能;显微组织;硬度;
P91 steel; mechanical properties; microstructure; hardness
- 摘要:
- 使用碳硫分析仪、氧氮氢测定仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、硬度计、万能实验机等对 P91 原始钢和
长期服役钢的化学成分、显微组织、力学性能等进行了分析。 结果表明，服役后的 P91 钢所有元素均在标准之内，符合标
准要求，其中低硬度区域的力学性能不满足使用条件； P91 钢内部组织发生变化，部分马氏体转变为块状铁素体，晶内
与晶界存在大量的析出物（主要为 M 23 C 6 相），且部分析出相在晶界处聚集形成短链状。 组织的粗化和碳化物的聚集长
大是导致 P91 钢长期服役后硬度与强度降低的主要原因。
The chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of P91 original steel and long-service steel
were analyzed by means of carbon and sulfur analyzer, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen tester, optical microscope, scanning
electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), hardness tester and universal tester. The results show
that all elements of P91 steel after service are within the standard and meet the requirements of the standard, among which
the mechanical properties of the low hardness area do not meet the service conditions. The microstructure of P91 steel is
changed, part of martensite is transformed into massive ferrite, there are a lot of precipitates (mainly M 23 C 6 phase) in grain
and grain boundary, and part of precipitates gather at grain boundary and form short chains. The coarsening of
microstructure and the accumulation and growth of carbide are the main reasons for the decrease of hardness and strength
of P91 steel after long-term service.